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When the dc conductivity of the material is not negligible, the low-frequency part of the Cole-Cole plot loses its distinctive shape. A complementary representation in terms of complex conductivity is proposed, in which a simple Debye mechanism again results in a semicircle. However, a nonzero value of dc conductivity does not cause this representation to lose its distinctive shape in the low-frequency range. Examples of the utility of this representation are given.
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F. A. Grant (1958) studied this question.
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