Low toxicity? Lanthanide carbides contained within carbon nanocapsules (see HRTEM image) might act as efficient contrast agents or tracers, however, their toxicity must first be assessed. With a chemical stability similar to TiO2 nanoparticles, such nanocapsules were added to macrophages from rat fibroblasts, with cytokine release used as an indicator of the cytotoxicity of the capsules to cellular material; a toxicity similar to or lower than TiO2 nanoparticles was recorded.
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Uo et al. (2005) studied this question.
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