Percutaneous Epiphysiodesis of the Lower Extremity

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous epiphysiodesis can be achieved using a single-portal or a double-portal technique. This study was performed to demonstrate any differences in outcomes, especially complications, between the 2 techniques. METHODS: This was a retrospective review of cases at a single institution from 1983 to 2002 that yielded 336 children, in which 63 qualified for the study with at least 3 years of clinical follow-up. A comparison was performed through clinic chart review and radiographic measurement outcomes, searching for patient satisfaction, surgical time, and complications. RESULTS: Minor complications included superficial infections, hematomas and effusions, whereas major complications included failure to arrest growth, partial arrest with angular deformity, fracture, and joint penetration. The single-portal group had an overall complication rate of 33.3%, with a major complication rate of 20% per patient. The double-portal group had a similar overall complication rate but only a 5.3% major complication rate per patient. There was no significant difference in patient demographics, operative times, or subjective complaints. CONCLUSIONS: Many methods of percutaneous epiphysiodesis exist in the literature that report low complication rates that are comparable with the complication rate of the original open procedure. Our study demonstrated a significantly higher rate of complications (both minor and major) compared with results previously reported. Moreover, the use of a single-portal approach increased the possibility of major complication by nearly 4-fold as compared with the use of a double-portal approach that avoids crossing the midline of the physis.