The rise of religious authoritarianism: Muslims, ethno-politics, and racial identity in India

Among the countries of South Asia, the majority of Muslims are from India. They make up the majority of India's minority population. This research examines how, despite the community's variety, systemic Islamophobia in India affects Muslims nationwide, specifically targeting Kashmiris and Indian Muslims. With methodology of descriptive cum-critical, this paper discusses the connection between Hindutva ideology and communal riots in India through an examination of Hindu communal organizations, the role of the media, and politics. It also includes case studies about the lived experiences of Indian Muslims, who have the legal right to be treated equally as citizens of a free India.