Integrated-optic 64*64 and 144*144 star couplers have been rigidly connected to single-mode fiber pigtails and packaged in bookshelf-type units. The 64*64 and 144*144 star coupler modules exhibit average insertion losses of 21.7 and 26.6 dB, respectively, at 1.55 mu m and wavelength insensitive operation over the wide spectral range of 1.3-1.6 mu m.>
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Kato et al. (1993) studied this question.
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