Evaluation of natural products as therapeutic alternatives for bovine mastitis and implications for future research

The conventional method of using antimicrobials to treat bovine mastitis has limitations such as low cure rates and the development of antimicrobial resistance. Hence, there is a need for alternative solutions that are effective, safe and sustainable. Natural products, particularly plant extracts (PE) and essential oils (EO), are potential alternatives due to their antimicrobial properties and complex chemical composition. In this context, we conducted a bibliometric study in the Scopus database to identify the state of the art of research on the potential antimicrobial effects of EO and PE for the treatment of bovine mastitis. A total of 244 studies were identified, of which only 85 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The results revealed that Brazil and India are the main contributors to research in this area, likely due to their large populations and dairy production. The botanical family Myrtaceae and the plant species Origanum vulgare are the most commonly used to obtain EO and PE, with leaves being the most utilized plant part and water and ethanol the most employed solvents for obtaining these products. Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequently studied bacterium, with a relative lack of studies involving other microorganisms causing mastitis. Therefore, future research should focus on international cooperation, exploration of different plant parts, evaluation of other microorganisms, study of bacterial resistance, and completion of clinical studies. Collaboration among scientific fields is crucial to improve animal health in the dairy industry.