Common Craniofacial Anomalies: Conditions of Craniofacial Atrophy/Hypoplasia and Neoplasia

Learning Objectives: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand the etiology and pathogenesis of the common conditions of craniofacial atrophy/hypoplasia and craniofacial neoplasia. 2. Recognize and classify craniofacial atrophy/hypoplasia and craniofacial neoplasia. 3. Understand the different management plans for the reconstruction of craniofacial conditions, including Romberg disease, postradiation hypoplasia, fibrous dysplasia, neurofibromatosis, and craniofacial tumors. The spectrum of craniofacial malformations includes conditions of congenital and acquired etiology. The conditions of craniofacial atrophy and hypoplasia may arise primarily or secondary to previous therapeutic interventions. The conditions of progressive hemifacial atrophy (Romberg disease) and radiation-induced hypoplasia will be reviewed on the basis of their etiology, pathogenesis, anatomy, and treatment. Approaches to the surgical management of these conditions will be discussed. The craniofacial neoplastic conditions of fibrous dysplasia, neurofibromatosis, and craniofacial tumors will also be reviewed and discussed. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 111: 1497, 2003.)