Institutionahzation and parole behavior: Assessing the influence of individual and family characteristics

Using statistical controls for selection bias, the present study evaluates the relative impact of institutional and noninstitutional programs on two indicators of parole behavior, parole maladjustment and parole violations. Multiple regression models assessing program effects included individual and family predictors of parole behavior identified in previous literature. Placement in alternative programs was inversely associated with both parole outcomes; larger effects for program placement were observed for models predicting parole violations. Nonprogram variables, including younger commitment age, lower IQ, and more family problems, were consistently associated with adverse parole outcomes. Significant interaction effects suggested that the effect of programs on parole behavior depends on a youth's age and level of family problems. The family problems index was the single most important predictor of parole behavior. Despite specific differences, there was considerable overlap between models explaining the two parole outcome measures. Implications for research and intervention are discussed.