Catalytic Mechanisms of Restriction and Homing Endonucleases

The catalytic mechanisms of type II restriction endonucleases and homing endonucleases are discussed and compared. Brief reviews of the chemistry of phosphoryl transfers and canonical one-metal and two-metal endonucleolytic mechanisms are provided along with possible future directions in the study of endonuclease active sites. The discussion of type II restriction endonucleases is comprised of a description of the general architecture of the canonical active site structural motif followed by more in-depth examples of one- and two-metal mechanisms. The homing endonuclease section is comprised of four sections describing what is known regarding the cleavage mechanisms of the four group I intron homing endonuclease families: LAGLIDADG, His-Cys box, H-N-H, and GIY-YIG.