The parameters of mathematical programming models for many civil engineering problems can only be stated imprecisely and this leads to the formulation of fuzzy programs. Considerable progress has been made recently in the solution of such programs. The fundamental problem in a Bayesian decision analysis is the evaluation of least-biased estimates of the prior probabilities. If the prior statistical knowledge is stated crisply then the problem reduces to one of nonlinear programming. Where the prior knowledge is itself imprecise, the problem becomes one of fuzzy nonlinear programming. This leads to a general extremum principle which contains the Jaynes-Shannon formalism as a special case.
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J.L. Munro (1984) studied this question.
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