Outward versus inward orientation of island capitals: the case of Valletta

Many cities, but particularly capitals, are torn between emphasising their international relevance, and their local significance. This issue is explored in this paper via an in-depth analysis of Valletta, the Maltese capital. The issue of inward versus outward orientation is particularly interesting with reference to island capitals as they are often seen as more insular or introverted. In Malta, there is pressure to maintain Valletta as a symbol to represent an emerging Maltese national identity and/or to commemorate past regimes. But Valletta has always been a city that has looked outwards and there are strong incentives to maintain levels of tourism and present a more sophisticated national image. This paper explores these issues by focusing on a controversial development project: Renzo Piano's reconfiguration of Valletta's City Gate. The paper analyses the debates surrounding this project by analysing viewpoints submitted to Maltese newspapers by expert commentators and by members of the public. The findings suggest that different attitudes towards the project can be partly understood by acknowledging competing outward/inward-looking perspectives. But divergent attitudes also reflect differences between those who want Valletta to reflect the past, and those who want Valletta to confront its present/future.