Growth/differentiation factor‐5 significantly enhances periodontal wound healing/regeneration compared with platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB in dogs

OBJECTIVE: Recombinant human growth/differentiation factor-5 (rhGDF-5) in a particulate beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) carrier is being evaluated to support periodontal regeneration. The objective of this study was to evaluate periodontal wound healing/regeneration following an established clinical (benchmark) protocol including surgical implantation of rhGDF-5/beta-TCP in comparison with that following implantation of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF) combined with a particulate beta-TCP biomaterial using an established canine defect model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bilateral, 4 x 5 mm (width x depth), one-wall, critical-size, intrabony periodontal defects were surgically created at the mandibular second and fourth pre-molar teeth in five adult Beagle dogs. Defect sites were randomized to receive rhGDF-5/beta-TCP or the rhPDGF construct followed by wound closure for primary intention healing. The animals were sacrificed following an 8-week healing interval for histological and histometric examination. RESULTS: Clinical healing was generally uneventful. Sites receiving rhGDF-5/beta-TCP exhibited a significantly enhanced cementum formation compared with sites receiving the rhPDGF construct, averaging (+/-SD) 4.49+/-0.48 versus 2.72+/-0.91 mm (p<0.001). Similarly, bone regeneration height and area were significantly enhanced at sites receiving rhGDF-5/beta-TCP versus that of the rhPDGF construct averaging, 3.08+/-0.74 versus 1.29+/-0.78 mm (p<0.001) and 6.03+/-1.28 versus 2.98+/-2.61 mm(2) (p<0.01), respectively. Cementum regeneration included cellular/acellular mixed (extrinsic/intrinsic) fibre cementum at sites receiving rhGDF-5/beta-TCP; sites receiving the rhPDGF/beta-TCP showed a pre-dominantly acellular cementum. Newly formed cementum generally extended above the adjoining alveolar bone. Both protocols displayed beta-TCP residues apparently undergoing resorption. Application of both materials appears safe, as they were associated with limited, if any, adverse events. CONCLUSION: rhGDF-5/beta-TCP shows a significant potential to support/accelerate periodontal wound healing/regeneration. Application of rhGDF-5/beta-TCP appears safe and should be further evaluated in human clinical trials.