An understanding of any scientific system demands knowledge at two different levels.One is the nature of the processes operative at any instant, the external variables which control these processes and the pattern of the resultant response of the system to the processes.This may be thought of as the construction of a process-response model [67] for the system.The second level relates to the way the external variables which control the system change through time, and makes it possible to set the present nature of the system into some sort of historical perspective.
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Michael A. Carson (1969) studied this question.
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