From wires to veins: wet-process fabrication of light-weight reticulation photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells

Different shapes of photoanodes, including wires, nets, and veins, were assembled via an all-wet process on various light-weight and low-cost Ni-plated substrates without any transparent conducting oxides to fabricate flexible dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with a wide range of shapes and substrate materials.