Malignant transformation of a nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

The malignant transformation of a nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a rare occurrence. This report describes the development of a fibrosarcoma in a patient over a 20-year period after four surgical procedures and two courses of radiation therapy to control a nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. A review of the literature revealed similar descriptions of this problem. Radiation likely plays a major role in causing the malignant change. An initial complete surgical excision can prevent recurrence of a nasopharyngeal angiofibroma as well as sarcomatous transformation. With the availability of surgical procedures that can completely and safely resect almost all nasopharyngeal angiofibromas, radiation therapy can be avoided.