We have conducted a morphological analysis of near-vertical sounding ionograms. Apart from the main trace, some ionograms feature an additional trace (called “cusp”), which is usually an indicator of traveling ionospheric disturbances. The cusp occurrence rate dependent on the time of the day, average duration and morphological characteristics of these cusps have been studied for winters and summers 2011–2012. The ionosonde recordings taken every minute allowed us to trace the dynamics and evolution of cusps. The use of the bulk of statistical data for processing enabled us to reveal a high rate of cusp occurrence and seasonal characteristics of occurrence of traveling ionospheric disturbances.
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Kurkin et al. (2014) studied this question.