Modulation of water surface waves with a coiling-up-space metasurface

We have designed a gradient-index (GRIN) metasurface to modulate water surface waves (WSWs). The metasurface is composed of an array of coiling-up-space units with a deep sub-wavelength scale, and can focus/scatter WSWs when the units are arranged elaborately and pierced into water. The modulation of WSWs has been ascribed to the relative effective refractive GRIN of the coiling-up-space units, which can be tuned by changing the parameters such as the plate length of units. This work may have potential application in energy extraction of water wave.