Energy-Aware Trajectory Design for Outage Minimization in UAV-Assisted Communication Systems

This paper studies the flight trajectory of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to provide fifth-generation (5G) cellular service in a given area. We consider a single UAV launched from the fixed initial to the final location, during which it serves the ground users that are distributed in a circular field. UAV’s limited on-board energy has been a major concern affecting the system’s performance. Therefore, in this work, we minimize the average outage probability of the system by optimizing the three-dimensional (3D) trajectory of the UAV while considering the velocity and on-board energy as constraints. To solve this problem, we propose two approaches: the low-complexityvertexand the high-performancesequential approach. Thevertex approachinvolves two steps. Firstly, it obtains the optimal solution while relaxing the velocity and on-board energy constraints. Secondly, a greedy solution is proposed for the original problem. Thesequential approachfinds the optimal location in each time slot sequentially. Simulation results compare the two approaches and show that our proposed strategies provide on an average 41% improvement in average outage probability over the benchmark schemes. Additionally, we show that thesequential approachis better than thevertex approach, though at the cost of high computational complexity.