Sulforaphane-induced apoptosis involves the type 1 IP3 receptor

// Sona Hudecova 1 , Jana Markova 1 , Veronika Simko 2 , Lucia Csaderova 2 , Tibor Stracina 3 , Marta Sirova 1 , Michaela Fojtu 3 , Eliska Svastova 2 , Paulina Gronesova 4 , Michal Pastorek 4 , Marie Novakova 3 , Dana Cholujova 4 , Juraj Kopacek 2 , Silvia Pastorekova 2 , Jan Sedlak 4 , Olga Krizanova 1 1 Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia 2 Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia 3 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic 4 Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia Correspondence to: Olga Krizanova, email: olga.krizanova@savba.sk Keywords: type 1 IP 3 receptor, sulforaphane, apoptosis, NRF2, nude mice Received: April 20, 2015      Accepted: April 15, 2016      Published: August 01, 2016 ABSTRACT In this study we show that anti-tumor effect of sulforaphane (SFN) is partially realized through the type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP 3 R1). This effect was verified in vitro on three different stable cell lines and also in vivo on the model of nude mice with developed tumors. Early response (6 hours) of A2780 ovarian carcinoma cells to SFN treatment involves generation of mitochondrial ROS and increased transcription of NRF2 and its downstream regulated genes including heme oxygenase 1, NAD(P)H:quinine oxidoreductase 1, and KLF9. Prolonged SFN treatment (24 hours) upregulated expression of NRF2 and IP 3 R1. SFN induces a time-dependent phosphorylation wave of HSP27. Use of IP 3 R inhibitor Xestospongin C (Xest) attenuates both SFN-induced apoptosis and the level of NRF2 protein expression. In addition, Xest partially attenuates anti-tumor effect of SFN in vivo . SFN-induced apoptosis is completely inhibited by silencing of IP 3 R1 gene but only partially blocked by silencing of NRF2; silencing of IP 3 R2 and IP 3 R3 had no effect on these cells. Xest inhibitor does not significantly modify SFN-induced increase in the rapid activity of ARE and AP1 responsive elements. We found that Xest effectively reverses the SFN-dependent increase of nuclear content and decrease of reticular calcium content. In addition, immunofluorescent staining with IP 3 R1 antibody revealed that SFN treatment induces translocation of IP 3 R1 to the nucleus. Our results clearly show that IP 3 R1 is involved in SFN-induced apoptosis through the depletion of reticular calcium and modulation of transcription factors through nuclear calcium up-regulation.