Tangible Graphs for the Blind

This study is the first stage of a research program to develop and evaluate a tangible graphics system for the blind. In this study, comparatively simple formats, line graphs, were chosen. It was argued that a relatively direct translation from the standard visual format would provide sufficient information to the haptic system for effective tangible-graphreading performance. The results suggest that the presentation of spatial information in the form of tangible graphs is indeed a viable source of information for the blind reader, regardless of age at onset or duration of total blindness. Of four graph designs evaluated, the grid-on-graph and grid-underlay modes proved most effective in terms of performance and preference. Exploration strategies and design improvements were also considered.