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Surfactant induced ordering of 2D and 3D colloidal crystal photonic crystals is possible on metallic substrates by dip-coating at fast rates (≈1 mm/min). Ordered monolayer opals on conductive gold-coated silicon substrates behave as a 2D diffraction grating. The method allows high throughput, ordered colloidal crystal formation useful as nanomaterials templates for energy storage or functional materials.
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Armstrong et al. (2014) studied this question.
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