Two-photon microscopy of fura-2-loaded cardiac myocytes with an all-solid-state tunable and visible femtosecond laser source

We report a robust and reliable platform source for visible-wavelength multiphoton microscopy that is based on nonlinear optical methods. We demonstrate a synchronously pumped, singly resonant optical parametric oscillator with simultaneous intracavity third-order quasi-phase matching in a single crystal that generates continuously tunable, visible, and femtosecond-pulsed radiation. The application of the system is demonstrated by two-photon laser-scanning fluorescence microscopy of rabbit cardiac myocytes loaded with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator fura-2.