Optimum Design of a Beam-Forming Array of S-Shaped DRA Elements With a Superstrate on an SIW Feed for 5G Mobile Systems

In this letter, an array of dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) is proposed for the fifth-generation mobile network. A novel S-shaped DRA is presented as array elements. The proposed configuration is achieved by making two symmetrical segments on a conventional rectangular DRA. The results show that in this configuration the higher order modes of antenna are excited, and therefore, the 3 dB gain bandwidth and impedance bandwidth of antenna are increased. The volume of the proposed DRA without ground plane is 0.38 λg3. The proposed DRA provides maximum bandwidth and gain per unit volume compared to similar designs in the literature. Furthermore, the benefit of a mutual coupling (MC) compensation approach in a linear DRA array is investigated. The results show that the accuracy of a computed MC matrix is better at the resonance frequency relative to other frequencies. Also, the performance of a beam-forming algorithm is improved by using this matrix for compensating the MC effects. The proposed array is fabricated and its characteristics are measured. A very good agreement between the numerical and measured results is obtained.