The design, construction, and performance of a stable temperature controller specifically built for surface studies is described. The controller can be operated either manually as an independent unit or automatically while interfaced to a digital signal analyzer, a computer, or an external programmer. Problems arising from the magnetic field generated by sample heating current are eliminated, allowing detailed studies of surface phenomena by electron spectroscopies over a wide range of temperatures and electron energies.
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Stroscio et al. (1984) studied this question.
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