Monitoring the temperature of a mesoscopic system in real time is a prerequisite for a number of fundamental experiments in classical and quantum thermodynamics. The authors demonstrate fast thermometry on a micrometer-sized metallic island at temperatures below 100 mK. Their device can be immediately integrated into superconducting circuits to perform calorimetric measurements of dissipation, with the potential to resolve the energy of a single microwave photon.
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A 2015 study studied this question.
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