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The general principles underlying the practical design of Joule-Thomson hydrogen liquefiers, utilizing the compressed hydrogen commercially available in cylinders, are discussed. The theory of heat interchangers is applied to these liquefiers and design formulae and data are presented. A typical design for the regenerative interchanger of a small scale liquefier is given. The liquid nitrogen requirements, expansion valve design, charcoal trap construction, and other practical aspects of these liquefiers are also discussed.
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Chauncey Starr (1941) studied this question.
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