Cellular Magnetic Resonance with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Long-Term Persistence of Spio Signal in The CNS After Transplanted Cell Death

AIM: To study the specificity of cellular MRI based on superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIOs), especially within the CNS. MATERIALS & METHODS: A microglial cell line was engineered for the expression of a suicide gene, the receptor of diphtheria toxin (DT), and two reporter genes, green fluorescent protein and luciferase, in order to induce, in a controlled manner, cell death and test it through bioluminescence. SPIO-labeled DT-sensitive and control DT-insensitive cells were transplanted into the brains of mice, which underwent serial MRI and bioluminescence studies before and up to 90 days after DT-induced cell death. RESULTS: No variations in SPIO signal voids were detected along longitudinal monitoring in brain hemispheres transplanted with DT-sensitive cells. Ex vivo analyses showed persistence of iron nanoparticle deposits at transplantation sites. CONCLUSION: Due to the long-term persistence of signal after transplanted cell death, caution is advised when SPIOs are employed for cell tracking.