Depth dose determinations I. Tissue-equivalent liquids for Standard Man and muscle

Requirements for tissue-equivalent mixtures are discussed, and methods are described for formulating mixtures exact in elemental composition and density. Methods are also given for estimating the densities and vapour pressures of mixtures of known compounds, as well as a list of the properties of compounds useful in tissue-equivalent formulations. A density value of 1.066+or-0.003g cm -3 at 37 degrees C is obtained for lean mammalian muscle, from the literature and from experiments. A density of 1.063 g cm -3 at 37 degrees C is obtained from the literature, for Standard Man exclusive of air voids. Tissue- equivalent liquids and their properties are presented for Standard Man and for lean muscle.