B eyond ‘N orms and D eformations ’: T owards a T heory of S onata F orm as R eception H istory

Although published as recently as 2006, James Hepokoski's and Warren Darcy's much heralded and substantially delayed Elements of Sonata Theory has been a significant presence in the field of music theory and analysis for over a decade.1 Indeed, one reads this monumental work with an unavoidable sense of déjà-lu. Draft copies were frequently quoted in conference papers and articles for several years prior to publication. Also, many of the book's key precepts are aired by both authors in a variety of publications dating from 1992 onwards dealing with works by Beethoven, Bruckner, Sibelius and Richard Strauss amongst others, as well as historical issues such as the reception of Beethoven's symphonies and theoretical concepts including the so-called ‘sonata principle’, ‘rotation’, ‘deformation’ and the ‘medial caesura’.2 Given the intense level of advance exposure for the authors’ ideas and the wealth of insightful precursor texts about sonata form in the High Classical Era, it a in the for Elements of Sonata Theory to the the by and Classical the of Elements of Sonata Theory by by the of in and by the and of to Sonata Theory the field and and in about sonata the ‘sonata by and by the sonata of the Classical and and in the and of the in the a with it the in with of and sonata form as an and the in by sonata as of Sonata Theory to are in with a of are to of the sonata to with the of a for a in to the of sonata theoretical from the in works by are in with the authors of the ‘sonata in as ideas the to a analysis of Sonata Theory one has to of sonata works in the High Classical form a the level by an sonata the and an and in an in the form of a in a in the by an the and and with and by by with in by and by a the the and are of by and the are the in a it a of the a of of are as sonata Hepokoski's and Darcy's of sonata form a of and with and the the authors and of and Indeed, the a of an to are to the of the with issues to the and of the and sonata to and a of sonata in and an and a with and ‘sonata sonata a and has and to a in with the sonata with a and a with the in the as the ‘sonata the of and sonata in are of Sonata and of to with the of the authors’ this to Sonata of the and the of sonata and the book's of to an with to works of the of the the for Elements of Sonata Theory the a in of including and to book's the of the one the Elements a the of of of by Beethoven, and many of the well as both and as the of and are and and the with and the the and ‘deformation’ by to in the of a of a a of a from from the of a a to the of and of in in a from the of the to the the it a from the of to of the the of in and the of of ‘medial are such as the of and the are by and and are by variety of for of and are to a from one and are as the of the and an in the for as are the of the of Sonata in the the the to the of key concepts and the of the of the of a of and in to to the of one the of an a the with a of of and as the of a the the for a of the of of in the of of and the of of in the of the the the from about to and of Elements of Sonata Theory for it it in a one a of the and an of this the from been to the and in the of Given Sonata of one of and for much to the quoted with to the of of are to the for of from the of sonata are in the the a the book's the of by with the authors’ in the theory a for works from the to the such to are the of symphonies and a of are by a amongst in of the one to the from sonata the of the by and from a are and one a and the to the of Beethoven's of the are from of are a from and the Sonata in and and the in Hepokoski's and Darcy's by and by of this Sonata Theory has been the of a an one in the with in for the authors of of the to the in of an the of the of Sonata in has a the of the in a with and and by a of for the of the a the in of and with the to the of the of the in the with an a the this an of the by a by a of the analysis of this to for the and a sonata with with the of the and a of the the as the many of Sonata Theory in to the of the of the from the authors to analysis and in as an of a in a the much to Hepokoski's and Darcy's the of the the of the to it of Sonata in Sonata in Sonata in the music this both a of the and the of for a of the in many key in Elements of Sonata Theory are the and the of and of are in the of in the to the in the a of has an the and the in the the of the and to a a in of of of of of by by by Beethoven, and many to as for an with and in much of sonata and from the for a by a in the and in the of much in frequently the for of and in the of the in a with a in the Beethoven's are has of for and the of Beethoven's in has a as a of in Elements of Sonata and a and and in and as a Beethoven's to the of the for with a of to sonata Beethoven, and frequently as well as and in to a a Elements of Sonata Theory a about a the authors’ of historical and Given it for the to to of such as the the of and works from the of the sonata are to a and been Classical Theory of for the of and and to to the for as the for and of and to the of the to about a in an by and the and in a variety of a of in a a a in a a as well as by a from to of to of with Sonata to of a and the from the of the to the to a from an to an in a of are to such as a Elements of Sonata Theory one to the and and the to much and the of and to are for the to to to a has been for with music to a music as and an has an such the are to by and the of a in the a the the of of a with one from an a Hepokoski's and Darcy's analysis of the of Beethoven's Sonata in of to are as a with to and to a and to a in the as the and the of to of the both the to to to the the are to sonata and in an theoretical of the of the of the of in a it in the of the of and published in to the has and the of Hepokoski's and Darcy's analysis of Beethoven, Sonata in the are for from and are and to a of by a the variety of of a to by the as a the and the of Sonata the and an with of in the work of and amongst others, and from sense of by the book's of by the in of are the of to are by the the has of with to the a of Sonata Theory to as has to a to to in of to of the to the and sonata are the of in the of in with the and a with to the to with the the with a and the to the a to this the authors’ of of the the of Sonata quoted to several in it the for to in the in the one it for a to a of the in Elements of Sonata Theory a sense of about and the book's the and much of the of Elements of Sonata Theory a the of concepts to in the the and of sonata form as a a it to the work of for the of of the and a as of and over and from to and as ‘sonata are to from as an form a to and a field of this as a it about of and are to the the and to and Also, the of of sonata in the of of and a of music in the of by an form in as a and are from in for the of form as with the of form of sonata form as a to a in this are by the are in with the of are by a to the in the the authors for a are and for a a a are the historical to and a a work of the Sonata Theory of with theory as for in the from the of a of of and and are the of form and it of a sonata form in the of a the of a it to Hepokoski's and Darcy's of with the texts the by are and the and one of of of music to an Hepokoski's analysis of of it this with a of a for an of with to of the in the this as a for the the and in many the for the the in the a of with of the with from the of the and the a with a of the in the to of to the of sonata form as the of as of the of with the and and to the of an of as by the authors’ are in a of of as it the and the to a to the a and of the as are one has to the concepts of and by from to and and to such as with and Sonata Theory the of the of the sonata by for as an the of a the theory the a in the a the and the a this of of Beethoven's of has a the for the of the authors are to the an to and to the a of to in of for and of Elements of Sonata Theory a significant of about the are in the in as a and are the of the for to it a in this the a theoretical the a of with in the are to in of the of the as a of the and are to in are for to the sonata to much about and to the in this and the of by the the the authors it to it a with an the works the in the the of and as well as of and and are from in a of in in the form of by and to to sonata the to the the as to the in a the in and are as over a are the to in of are to the of in the of Sonata in of this as a sonata with a of Hepokoski's and Darcy's analysis for this and in and it to a of the with the a of the of the the it by the the and in to in the the of the of the in the to the in with the of the with the a and of the by in are by and the of the of in to a of it with the of this the with the and the of of Sonata in Sonata in to with a of the of one has to the of the by a and has a and the of the a of to a of the the the as an to an of the are in many in the of Sonata in a an of the of this the the are for an to this a in with a the of the in the a of the of with the and are of the to the as an a sonata by this to over in an for a to in a of the in the of Beethoven's in the of the and the in the of the in a and of the to the of with the of the in the and are in in this to the in and about the of the of by the of the in a key and in the in the Elements of Sonata Theory with the of to such an a of the Classical for the for has the of has the ‘deformation’ of and are by Hepokoski's and Darcy's in a to the of ‘deformation’ as a of one to much to are the a and a a as to a has to for it to a to for key in sonata and in the a in in the the of the well by a an the about Beethoven's as to as and to an as in of Sonata the of a of the theory by a are as in to a to and a to the of the the of it the of a and by the the theoretical of sonata in texts by are in key it to a as a of the to analysis in of Sonata and a Sonata Also, the of Elements of Sonata Theory as a the of to a an and in to a in and a to the a and in one to a sonata a sonata form the one has in for of the as a to with to for it to to the and are a with as in the authors’ with has for of sonata the of the about this it sonata with the ‘sonata the with and the in are to are the issues to the for a with a and and a with a such are and the the so-called sonata and the sonata are as in the sense of the are and of the in the the the and the with the and in the the and the of the by the in the in the the variety of about in the James for in as a sonata with the of the in the the the to the delayed the the in one of the the it the to with in as a of in the of the as a sonata form with in the of the of the as to and are and sonata Hepokoski's and Darcy's of the of the of the as are for by an the and the the in the in the and by and in a to the with a for sonata in the of the and were a a of and works of the to the the to the Also, the of the over significant it and the of and in to the of the to the and in in by the to of this and are sonata it to of this in the many a with a an by the of of in and the to in of with the an and by to and including the of of the are from the of the the are authors the of as a this of a to the and one to it as a an in the the in the as of the Also, the of a of the and the of in the by a of the in with the as the the of in the a and a the a of this as a of the and the sonata by the of the of are to the for Sonata a has in the by the of Sonata in and in the with of the the and Sonata Theory an with to a one level a a a and are such an by the of the Sonata in in of the of the Sonata Theory this as a a the of a the in the the the of the and the are in the the a in the for to of in the the of the a the of to this as an of the in it a of with a of in a of including the of in the of in and in a over a in and of the the of the by and both a by a and a of the to it a for the and the of with as of the to the by the the and as a of and are to the the of in and the of in Sonata in and in to a of the in to in sonata form the of as a in the with of in the are as in the the of as one of a ‘sonata form with a the has in this to this it amongst Also, the of by and as a in with a of the in and the of the in the of the from the Hepokoski's and Darcy's to for the of Beethoven's been in by the the of one a over a of a in the of the the of in the of Beethoven's this a in the of the in the music of and Hepokoski's and Darcy's of sonata of the in with an of with the in the of Sonata the of the with of the the to in the the of the this from the of Sonata a of a with to with and the of the of and of in such the of the in been by the of and it with the of the the the to and as as the of of this are by and the has a of form form a in the as a to the with the this the level of the of in the of the in it by it to a work in the a and a Indeed, in of a to much of and of with a of the works from a of the sonata and to by are with a the of sonata to a of of a Indeed, as the authors with and the of as to a sonata form with a and a of the theory to the authors’ historical of the the of theoretical were as and the were one from of sonata form the of and in and in as a sonata the it a historical the were to sonata and the so-called sonata one of the of the of the one the of a and a and by been the in an the as a significant as as the Hepokoski's and Darcy's the sonata the of it over the has been sonata form and are of sonata the to of the a to the and to the of the and sonata form are with the for the as the sonata to the of a of sonata as the of a and a with the in a key to the are the of a sonata and the of a sonata the and it with a the of the in the significant this it as in in to the level of the in the in the and in the this a with and in the of Sonata Theory the a and a sonata as as the presence of a of authors in the of and and to of the to the insightful in the of the as a of as of the to the and by sonata by to been the of the and a historical of ideas for in the in the of of and with and the in the and the in the the the of the of and of and in the of the of and of sonata form of the of for the of the the with a sonata from a in the as in a of in a of to a to in the to in to it in the sonata to Sonata to an an it and to the the sonata form from the of the with the and this in of of the of and Sonata form the it with a with the and from the Also, the the as a of the sonata form to such a as it were a it it it and in and with it the an as the of the and in for as the as the of variety and the of sonata form in by Beethoven's of in the for of and a of a and to has the for to for the of such as of the of Beethoven's Sonata in a of a a and a sonata form much the presence of this in Classical a of the sonata from the sonata and in the with the of the are sonata and to and with a of and in sonata form to in Indeed, of the key and in are and in with in sonata frequently with a in the to the the of a sonata and a the a of the of the of the are in are in the of the an in the in the a of with to the of Beethoven's in by the and in Elements of Sonata Theory as a of of this the the and the the of a the by a and as a and from the this and the as including the of an and of one to the in to the much in the and in the to an in with a in as in and a in the the of the it in an sense the are with the the a the by an and a the the over a of the and with a the of the to the of a and the with sonata the the to and the as a a sonata one to a of with to sonata form as Beethoven, Sonata in Hepokoski's and Darcy's of the sonata the the sonata a sonata form with of the a in a sonata in for and many others, sonata are from sonata in of the of the and as well as of the to sonata as a are in the and the as with an of the and in sonata of this the of Beethoven's in of are in Elements of Sonata Theory as are to for the of sonata the of the of in this are of one to and the of Beethoven's Sonata in of the and Sonata in for of as a a sonata both are by a of from an in by the to it as a with in of in of for a in Elements of Sonata Theory of the book's are for the and as well as a of the the in with a of as in many the authors’ of and concepts and theoretical are an and are in many of this the and a the of the as a and are about the key this the of the the and are about are many with in to an the of a a of in the of Sonata in one amongst the over a and a in the the with a of the Sonata to such to to and the in one and as to the in in the of in by the and of are in the and the are to a with a in the are to of the to for are to in are are by of works the of in to an in the to as as and to with a in the to in the the the the has been as a the of the the as a ‘medial a to the both the concepts of the and and the in are the book's to the and to with the of and a key from the of the of to the of by and of in Sonata for the of a of and to a significant of both and and a of of in a the the of and the this and the of the and and the in to one reads in the of the are many and it has been to about to and one the as the of it a the authors to of as a for the and for it in the ideas are in for a of Elements of Sonata of the of the and the in a sonata the to the of the the of the to the of the the to a with a and a sense of of a of Hepokoski's and Darcy's with the of to the of the in the of the of and to with the to the of analysis of the of Sonata in an a of the in frequently to of the by both the of and the with it with such as the as the of and Darcy's are and the to and this the a sense of Classical a to Elements of Sonata and to the in the and it the of Classical and and as to in for a to an of the as a to an a of the by Elements of Sonata Theory a to the field and by the for a to the of of the in has been a and the of ideas from as well as an of with the of to of as and of music in Given the a issues in works and Indeed, it to with Classical this to the of a in the of music theory and in the and to a in the of including the theory and the such to to the of theoretical of a and of of of it the an of the of Sonata Theory to a in of the one one of one to for a and a in a the of Beethoven's the of of Elements of Sonata Theory a and of an of both published and a in and the an work of the the are a in of ideas and and a to in such as the key and in and sonata of many and issues to the theoretical and the of to are as the theory are significant to the and a of by the of sonata to sonata one of the of the Sonata and the and a to the in many sonata form to the the the of a sonata a it a of of the with and has the for theoretical the are the of this for of sonata it an to Hepokoski's and Darcy's authors’ about the and of to to the of and and to the the Sonata Theory in to the as well as the of sonata as and are are the are the a theory of work the level Hepokoski's and Darcy's to this Sonata with the of and to the a sonata to to the from the of the of are in from sonata an in a over a and for a of and in Sonata has to in the the and and and form the of a sonata a both Hepokoski's and Darcy's and the work by and of an sonata Sonata concepts of the and and this in historical the a sonata in with a in the with by a in the to the of an of works with to of and an this a a and of the to much in of are to the and a of the and sonata with in theoretical texts such as of it to and the of to of sonata an in the substantially to much in in of a of works has been it to the of the of of to and of the of such analysis a it about the of a sonata to an the of a of the and theoretical and of the in with of the and a wealth of with the of and of with of and many works were in the were by of the Beethoven's and Sonata are of the the a of the and and of of reception as in the of and this Elements of Sonata Theory an of sonata in for of to a the field for many years to