On the Transcendence of Human Beings and the Modern Turn of Garden Aesthetics from Chinese Classical Garden

本文研究的主要目的是探讨中国园林特别是中国古典园林与人的超越精神的追求之间的关系，在此基础上探讨西方理性精神下的现代园林的困境和转向问题。本文主要结合海德格尔的存在主义哲学和伽达默尔的阐释学的研究思想和方法进行分析研究。通过研究发现，西方理性精神主导下的西方园林美学体现出了强烈的人类中心主义思想，最终的结果是理性割害自然，也绑架了文明；与此相反，中国以尊重自然、师法自然为中心思想的园林美学，巧妙地将人的形而上的超越追求转化为形而下的物化家园，不仅安放了人的精神，也很好的处理了人和世界的关系，这对现代园林的困境具有重要的启示意义。只有改变纯粹哲学抽象的思辨超越，才能实现园林的现代转向，才能真正安放人的生命世界，才能真正构建人的诗意栖居家园。 The main purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between Chinese gardens, especially Chinese classical gardens and the pursuit of man’s transcendental spirit, and on this basis to explore the dilemma and turn of modern gardens under the western rational spirit. This paper mainly combines Heidegger’s existentialism philosophy and Gadamer’s hermeneutic research thought and method for analysis and research. Through research, it is found that the western garden aesthetics led by the western rational spirit reflects the strong thought of anthropocentrism, the final result is that rationality cuts nature, but also kidnapped the civilization; on the contrary, Chinese garden aesthetics, which takes respecting nature and learning from nature as the central idea, skillfully transforms man’s metaphysical transcendental pursuit into physical materialized home, which not only places man’s spirit, but also handles the relationship between man and the world well, which has important enlightenment significance to the predicament of modern garden. Only by changing the speculative transcendent of pure philosophy and abstraction can the modern transformation of gardens be realized, the living world of people can be placed, and the poetic dwelling home of people can be constructed.