Effective-mass theory of simple surface states

Effective-mass theory is applied within the multiple-reflection framework to predict the properties of simple surface states located in the sp manifold of copper. The results are generally similar to those calculated previously with the use of nearly-free-electron theory, and are also in semiquantitative accord with experimental results. The sensitivity to input parameters is also investigated, and various improvements in the model are suggested. In particular, use of an improved surface-barrier phase change and a larger effective-mass basis set will be important in producing a more unified treatment of surface-state intrinsic properties.