Extending a random-matrix theory developed earlier, we show that breaking a basic symmetry in an Anderson insulator (e.g., time-reversal symmetry or spin-rotation symmetry) generically yields a multiplication of the localization length {ξ} by universal factors. Numerical calculations and magnetoconductance measurements in the Mott variable-range-hopping regime confirm that the removal of time-reversal symmetry by a magnetic field yields {ξ}{→}2{ξ} in the absence of spin-orbit scattering, and {ξ}{→}{ξ}/2 in the presence of spin-orbit coupling.
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Pichard et al. (1990) studied this question.
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