Human sex differences in cognition, fact, not predicament

Sex differences in cognition are not trivial nor have the most salient differences declined over the last three decades. There is compelling evidence that sex hormones are a major influence in the organization, and perhaps the maintenance, of cognitive sex differences. Anatomical brain differences are also well established, though we have yet to associate these firmly with the cognitive sex differences. While it is reasonable to question the specifics of the traditional hunter-gatherer evolutionary schema, it is argued that it remains valuable in providing a paradigm for understanding human sex-differentiated behaviour, since it is capable of generating hypotheses that can be tested.