A theory is presented for thulium-doped ZBLAN fiber amplifiers and lasers that are upconversion pumped by a single source at ∼1150 nm and emit in the blue spectrum at ∼480 nm. The performance of both heavily saturated traveling-wave power amplifiers and laser oscillators is studied with a view to understanding device optimization. The laser model is compared with published experimental data.
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Duclos et al. (1995) studied this question.
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