Ovarian torsion - a low incidence disease often leading to avoidable ovary loss

Introduction. Ovarian torsion is an acute gynecological condition that can occur at any stage of a woman?s life - from the fetal and neonatal period, through premenarche, reproductive age, and into postmenopause. The highest incidence of torsions is observed during the reproductive period. The most common risk factors include the presence of an adnexal mass (such as a functional ovarian cyst or a benign tumor), enlarged ovaries due to polycystic ovary syndrome or ovarian hyperstimulation, and a history of previous surgical interventions. Torsion results from partial or complete rotation of the adnexal structures, leading to partial or complete obstruction of blood flow and the onset of symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Case report. This paper presents four cases of ovarian torsion during the reproductive period, all caused by benign conditions. The first case involved strangulation of the ovarian pedicle around postoperative adhesions. The second case described adnexal torsion with tubal rupture, resulting in pelvic hemorrhage and localized peritonitis. The third case showed incomplete torsion of the ovary with a functional ovarian cyst and the development of adhesions. The final case involved a torsed benign ovarian tumor - fibrothecoma. Conclusion. Although ovarian torsion is occurrence relatively rare condition, it is typically associated with benign causes and can present as acute abdomen requiring emergency surgical intervention. Prompt diagnosis is crucial for preserving ovarian function, preventing complications, and safeguarding fertility.