We present a new method for locking the frequency of a laser to a reference-interferometer cavity. For a nonmode-matched input beam, the light reflected off a cavity contains an interference between the wave fronts corresponding to the various cavity modes. A detector placed at the proper position on the interference pattern provides a signal proportional to the imaginary component of the reflected field. As a function of laser frequency, this signal is dispersion shaped and can be used as the error signal for electronic frequency stabilization.
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Wieman et al. (1982) studied this question.
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