Enhanced modelling of the transformer winding high frequency parameters identification from measured frequency response analysis

One way to represent the physical behaviour of the transformer winding under high frequencies is to construct an equivalent circuit using modernised methods. This study represents a luxurious and time‐efficient computation method based on particle swarm optimisation with simulated annealing (PSO‐SA) method to construct an equivalent circuit of a transformer winding, from its frequency response analysis. The proposed method uses a simulated annealing method as a local search tool to improve the convergence and the characteristics of particle swarm optimisation in fast calculation. Furthermore, a comparative study of PSO‐SA, crow search algorithm and genetic algorithm method is made. Different case studies of a transformer winding with an air core are considered. According to the results, the PSO‐SA has higher efficiency and faster convergence.