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In Estonia there is the largest industrially-used oil-shale basin in the world. This review addresses the environmental hazard of the waste streams of oilshale industry via solid waste-and water-path, mainly focusing on ecotoxicological risk due to open semicoke deposition inducing hazard to surrounding soils and groundwater. This is the first comprehensive ecotoxicological review of available data on oil shale industry pollution in Estonia as well as world-wide.
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Kahru et al. (2006) studied this question.
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