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Two laser-based diagnostics are used to determine the density (nₑ) and temperature (Tₑ) of low-energy electrons confined in the negative glow of a dc helium glow discharge. Each diagnostic yields an independent relation between nₑ and Tₑ. From the intersection of these relations we find nₑ=5×{}10¹¹ cm^-3 and kB{T}ₑ$=0.12 eV for an abnormal cathode fall of 261 V in 3.50-Torr helium.
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DenHartog et al. (1989) studied this question.
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