Eugene Zemans has been Executive Director of the John Howard Association of Chicago since 1941. Earlier he was in social welfare posts with the federal, state and local governments, including the U. S. Bureau of Prisons. He is the author of Held without Bail. He is a vice president of the International Prisoners' Aid Association and of the Illinois Academy of Criminology and Secretary of the Advisory Committee of the Chief Justice of the Municipal Court of Chicago. Dr. Ruth Shonle Cavan has been Professor of Sociology at Rockford College since 1946; prior to that date she carried out various research projects for the University of Chicago, American Youth Commission, and Social Science Research Council. Her chief sociological interests are in the fields of the family and criminology, in which she has published seven books and numerous professional articles.-EDITOR.
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Zemans et al. (1958) studied this question.