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CaS:Eu 2+ ,Tm 3+ is a persistent red phosphor. Thermoluminescence was measured under different excitation and thermal treatment conditions. The results reveal that the charge defects, created by substituting Tm3+ for Ca2+, serve as hole traps for the afterglow at room temperature. Tm3+ plays the role of deep electron trapping centers, capturing electrons either through the conduction band or directly from the excited Eu2+ ions. These two processes, in which two different sites of Tm3+ are involved, correspond to two traps with different depths.
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Jia et al. (2000) studied this question.
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