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A horn structure within a planar fiber optic star coupler has been shown by computer design to significantly reduce if not eliminate the packing fraction loss associated with the coupler geometry. The ray tracing design procedure is used to characterize the partitioning of light to the various ports, and the losses are tabulated. An eight-port planar star is used to illustrate the design capabilities.
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O. G. Ramer (1980) studied this question.
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