The unique directional scattering properties of a deciduoushardwood forest without leaves during the winter period wasmeasured in a visible and near-infrared band. A radiative transfermodel was used to explore the scattering properties of such a forest.The reflectance distributions look similar to sparse homogeneous vegetationcanopies. The overall reflectance distribution is a combinationof the extreme azimuthal scattering behavior of tree limbs and the moretypical scattering behavior of understory litter.
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Kimes et al. (1987) studied this question.
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