Uniform characteristics with low threshold and high efficiency for a single-transverse-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser-type device array

Vertical-to-surface transmission electrophotonic devices with a vertical-cavity are described. The individually accessed 12/spl times/4 arrays are characterized and demonstrated to have uniform room-temperature continuous-wave operating characteristics for a threshold current of /spl sim/2.8/spl plusmn/0.15 mA and a slope efficiency of /spl sim/0.18/spl plusmn/0.012 W/A with a single transverse mode. Both low threshold and high efficiency with 5% and 7% deviation, respectively, are achieved simultaneously. These devices can be used to constructing two-dimensional massively parallel optical interconnections.>