Clarinet, oboe, bassoon, tuba, flute, trumpet, trombone, French horn, and English horn tones have been synthesized with partials controlled by one spectral envelope (fixed for each instrument regardless of note frequency) and three temporal envelopes. Musically literate auditors identified natural tones with 85% accuracy and our synthesized tones with 66% accuracy; a number of the confusions were intrafamily. With intrafamily confusions tolerated in the scoring, the auditors identified natural tones with 94% accuracy and our synthetic ones with 77% accuracy.
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Strong et al. (1967) studied this question.
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