The role of the father in socializing children was examined by studying effects of his absence on 9to 11-year-old boys and girls. Forty-seven children in low socioeconomic-status, fatherabsent homes were compared with a matched control group with fathers present. Variables studied were the children's concepts of parental roles, their attitudes and feelings about family members, their peer relationships, and their self-concepts. Many similarities and few differences between the groups were found. Discussion suggests matching the groups on socioeconomic level and also the use of low socioeconomic-status subjects as factors influencing the results.
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Mary Margaret Thomes (1968) studied this question.