Nonspecific vaccination in the treatment of infections is not a new procedure. As far back as 1893, Rumpf1treated typhoid fever patients with aB. pyocyaneusvaccine and claimed to have obtained excellent results. Von Wagner2found that paretics treated with tuberculin showed marked improvement. Hiss and Zinsser3used extracts of rabbit's leukocytes in various infectious diseases, especially pneumonia, and were favorably impressed with the results. Some of the German writers have employed boiled milk subcutaneously in infections, and report success. More recently Schaefer's mixture of many bacteria has been widely advertised in the treatment of various diseases, more particularly of arthritis. The practice of intravenous injection of foreign proteins is a comparatively recent one, and may be said to have originated with the intravenous injection of typhoid vaccine in the treatment of typhoid fever. Ichikawa4was one of the first to use the intravenous method of vaccination. By giving
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Russell L. Cecil (1917) studied this question.