Mass-loading Sensitivity Analysis of Graded Piezo-Electro-Visco-Elastic Waveguide Structure with Interface Effects

This study examines the mass-loading sensitivity (MLS) of Love-type wave (LTW) propagation in a rotating structure composed of a pre-stressed functionally graded piezoelectric-viscoelastic (FGPV) substrate underlying a dissimilar pre-stressed FGPV layer, by introducing a thin sensitive layer at the surface. The analysis also accounts for interfacial imperfections between the layer and the substrate by incorporating springmembrane (SM) interface model. Employing an appropriate analytical approach, the frequency relations governing wave propagation in the considered structure are derived under both electrically open (EO) and electrically short (ES) surface conditions. Special cases of the obtained relations concur well with the reported results in the literature. A comprehensive numerical simulation is carried out to graphically investigate the influences of rotation, gradient parameters, spring interface parameters, pre-stresses, membrane parameters, piezoelectric constants and piezoelectric loss moduli on the MLS. A comparative analysis is also conducted to highlight the impact of mass-loading on the phase velocity (PhV) of LTW in the considered structure. The reported consequences offer a deeper understanding of MLS in pre-stressed FGPV rotating structure with interface effects, and may be applied in the design of advanced acoustic wave sensors and biosensors.