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Survey reveals leader gratitude promotes employee job crafting and proactive voice via enhanced promotion focus, highlighting relational drivers of career self-management.
We explore the impact of leader gratitude expression on subordinates’ proactive career behaviors, job crafting (seeking resources, seeking challenges, and reducing demands) and voice behaviors (promotive and prohibitive voice), and the mediating mechanism by subordinate promotion focus. A survey data from 597 full-time employees, analyzed using structural equation modeling and bootstrapping analyses, supported hypothesized relationships. Promotion focus mediated the relationship between leader gratitude expression and all dimensions of job crafting and voice behaviors. This study contributes to the literature on leadership and regulatory focus. We discuss future research and implications for leadership practice and career self-management.
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Kim et al. (2026) studied this question.
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