Cavity microelectrodes make it possible to study the electrochemical properties of powder materials over a large range of potential scan rates. With polyaniline in 1 M H 2 SO 4 solution, the highest scan rate ( S rat ) reaches 400 V / s instead of a few fractions of millivolt per second with the usual composite electrode device (CED). This is due to the dramatic decrease of the reaction volume ( ≈ 10 − 6 to 10 − 7 cm 3 ) , which corresponds to 10 − 8 to 10 − 6 g of material, as compared to a few 10 − 1 cm 3 and a few milligrams for the usual CED. Screening over an extended S rat spectrum revealed new electrochemical behaviors, and various characteristics vs. S rat profiles are established.
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Vincent Vivier (1999) studied this question.